Friday, February 25, 2011

Tribunal Bloodmoon Russian To Englush

L' ex ambasciatore Ronald P. Spogli sulle relazioni tra Italia e Stati Uniti.

Ronald P. Spogli, a businessman of Italian origin, born in 1948, was U.S. ambassador in Italy from 2005 to 2009, during the presidency of George W. Bush.
In this letter to Corriere della Sera examines the state of relations between Italy and the USA.


Spogli writes:

"In the frenzy to score points for their own benefit, which dominates the fiery Italian political scene right now, what is lost is a fair trial on the relations between Italy and the United States established Silvio Berlusconi and the government he led. "

"The United States has no better ally of Italy on the European continent."

"From the Balkans, Lebanon, 'whole of the Middle East to Iraq and Afghanistan, the Italian contribution in terms of manpower, materials and financial aid policies and initiatives in support of shared remains unmatched. When she was invited to support a U.S. goal, Italy has never pulled back. Our defense cooperation is constantly developing our respective countries and today enjoy a relationship between the smallest and most diverse, of all the bilateral military relations. "

" This collaboration has helped to raise so intense the 'Italy to an unprecedented stature on the international political scene. Often considered a partner in the past to the second floor, since 2000, Italy has taken a very strong position on the world stage between the G8 countries. In an article published in this newspaper in September 2010, I had the opportunity to comment on how Italy has been able, in less than a decade, abandoning the traditional image of featherweight in the world to become an important and valuable contributor to the maintenance of peace and stability.
historical standpoint, however strong and mutually beneficial have been in the past, only with the establishment of the government of Silvio Berlusconi in 2001-2006 our political relations have reached the prominence they enjoy today. The excellent personal relationship between President Bush and Prime Minister Berlusconi was born of a shared vision of the challenges and opportunities globally and how best to address them. fact, the rise of Italy to a key player in the international arena coincided with a period of intense collaboration between Italy and the United States which lasts until today, and was favored on the Italian side in the first Berlusconi government of 2001-2006 and the 2008 until the present day. Although Prodi's coalition of 2006-2008 also has supported most American interventions - with the notable exception of Iraq - no one has ever argued with equal fairness and consistency of American policy positions as Silvio Berlusconi. "

"For his collaborative spirit, America has a debt of gratitude to Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi."

In reality after the Second World War the 'Italy, a regional power failure, and the United States, the first global superpower engaged in harsh contrast to' the Soviet Union later in the fight against terrorist organizations, have consistently had a strong interest in political cooperation and military.
to the traditional reasons of 'alliance we have now added the particular scarcity of financial resources that the state may allocate to the Italian Armed Forces. The close collaboration in this field with the United States can partially remedy the problems created by 'under-investment.
is good coordination with the major countries of the 'European Union. But the 'efficiency of an' alliance is largely determined by traditions and historical precedent. Overall, certainly 'more in favor of the United States' America.

Wednesday, February 16, 2011

Medications Prescribed For Shingles

LA NUOVA DEMOCRAZIA Illusioni di civiltà nell'era dell'egemonia Usa



ANTONELLA RANDAZZO

THE NEW DEMOCRACY. Illusions of U.S. hegemony in the era civilization
(Zambon Publisher)


With the defeat of Nazi thought we got rid from the most dangerous criminals. But today, in light of new documents and new witnesses, we can argue that it is not. The crimes were only moved from Europe to Third World areas, under the pretext of "bringing freedom" to the people. In the name of freedom and democracy have been committed countless crimes and genocide.
The title "New Democracy", takes over the definition that the dictator Augusto Pinochet gave to the new situation Chile has arisen following the massacre of thousands of people and the suppression of the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende. The New Democracy is a "democracy without people." The "new democracies" are now many, implemented and yet, tragically, to be implemented. The world today is far from being liberated by those who arrogate to themselves the power to commit crimes in the name of an ideology that is in the profit and power in his only God

This disconcerting fact there is rendered incomprehensible by the media , showing horrifying images of children dying from hunger and do not tell us anything about what is owed. Prevent the emergence of the paradox of a West that is professed and scientifically advanced advanced, but is not able to save many human beings from starvation. Bodies of migrants are shown floating lifeless in the Straits of Gibraltar, but we do not explain the political and economic reasons which force them to flee their country, risking their lives. The media show us and guerrilla wars but do not tell us who manufactures and sells the weapons that make this possible.
It 's time to put all the pieces of the puzzle in place, to make possible the full understanding of reality. And to tell who are the perpetrators.
This book sheds light on the causes of the major problems that oppress humanity. Without hesitation indicates the cause and its perpetrators.
Despite the book face merciless light on the horrors of which some human beings are capable, the conclusions are not pessimistic. Instead, the idea is to find the crimes is the first step for us not to go unpunished and to create a better world. The book not only identifies the crimes of the imperial giant, but his feet of clay.





CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................... ............... 5

CHAPTER I - WHEN THE ENEMY WAS COMMUNIST

........ 21 CHAPTER II - THE CIA AND ITS CRIMES .....

................... 79 CHAPTER III - RELIGION AND EMPIRE ...................... ..... 119

CHAPTER IV - FICTION AND REALITY '

........................... 145 CHAPTER V - USEFUL extremist and fundamentalist

.. 215 CHAPTER VI - REBELS EMPIRE

........................... 267 CHAPTER VII - FRIENDS AND ENEMIES OF TODAY ......... ............ 367

FIGURES .................................. ............................... 470

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............... .......................................... 473



INTRODUCTION

We all wondered at least once in the world because many people are forced to live in conditions of extreme suffering from hunger, war, misery and exploitation affect billions of people. Understanding and finding answers is possible, but implica necessariamente il prendere atto che dietro queste sofferenze ci sono dei precisi responsabili. Persone che hanno il potere di imporre al mondo intero un sistema iniquo, in cui il privilegio e l'avidità di pochi corrispondono alla sofferenza e alla condanna di molti.
Nel 1948, George Kennan, un funzionario del Dipartimento di Stato Usa, confessava:
"Possediamo il 50 per cento della ricchezza mondiale, ma solo il 6,3 per cento della sua popolazione. In questa situazione, il nostro vero lavoro nel periodo a venire è di escogitare uno schema di relazioni che ci permetta di mantenere questa posizione di disparità. Per farlo, dobbiamo abbandonare ogni sentimentalismo... dovremmo smetterla di pensare ai diritti umani, all'innalzamento del tenore di vita e alla democratizzazione" (1).
Questa verità viene tenuta nascosta, mentre vengono propagandate presunte motivazioni "etiche" e "umanitarie" della politica americana. Nella propaganda mediatica non contano i fatti ma le percezioni. Come sostiene George Bush junior, la verità non è ma "si costruisce", e "le percezioni contano più dei fatti"(2) . I media spostano l'attenzione per nascondere fatti e responsabilità. Chi indica i fatti diventa "'antiamericano", oppure "antioccidentale" o "antipatriottico". Allontanare i fatti e i responsabili dalla realtà mediatica fa parte del progetto di nascondere la verità sul mondo.
Alla fine della Seconda guerra mondiale il mondo usciva from the nightmare of war, with great confidence to rebuild what was destroyed and, above all, with the certainty of having eliminated the "monster" Nazi. He sings the praises of a better world, because the "bad guys" were defeated. In this context, the U.S. appeared to be victorious heroes who had liberated the people from the tyrant.
Nazism, the Holocaust and Hitler were narrated as the "absolute evil", or as due to a mysterious dark force that had taken possession of a democratically elected government, prompting him to make unheard-of crimes. Calling Hitler "monster", and the Holocaust "absolute evil" (3), the events Nazis were placed outside of history itself, alienated from others facts that belong to historical time. This makes it even more unacceptable Nazism, understood as being due to a perversion denied by the same Western history. So he prevented the wider awareness of reality and existing, closely linked to Nazism. He hid it so heinous crimes had been committed by Europeans in the colonial lands. Native Americans were already long goal of extermination, in African and Asian colonies, Europeans had committed several acts of genocide, which did not appear as such only because the natives did not enjoy the same rights as settlers, being considered inferior.
The idea of \u200b\u200bhaving to purify the "race" and having to kill a group persons considered worthless or dangerous, already belonged to Western culture. For example, in May 1898, British Prime Minister Robert Arthur Salisbury, very attentive to British colonial policy (4), in a speech at the Albert Hall cynically acknowledged that "we can roughly divide the nations of the world into those who live and those who are dying. " The model that Hitler had followed, as he himself admitted, was the extermination of native Americans. Many of those who massacred the Indians were given medals by American presidents. General Philip Henry Sheridan (1831-1888) stated that "the only good Indian I know of is the dead Indian." Almost all the presidents Americans acted in perfect accord with him. In the Thirties, some American scientists found an effective way to permanently eliminate the "inferior races" (5) through eugenic techniques, which were legalized and implemented in many states. Hitler have deep admiration for American scholars, who in those years published several papers on "defense of the white race from contamination of the inferior races."
What Hitler was not forgiven, according to the writer Aimé Césaire, was "the fact that it has applied in Europe, the colonial practices that had previously been applied only to the Arabs of Algeria, the coolies of India and the Negroes' Africa "(6). Hitler had been divorced from Story because, by making the same Europe to colonize the land, had deprived the historical facts of the legitimate "moral" that the West used to subdue and enslave other peoples. In other words, the rules and laws that apply in the Western world should continue to be different from those applied in the colonial lands. The colonial cruelty should not be treated equally the same cruelties committed in Europe: the colonial cruelty were "legitimate" while orders in Europe were "absolute evil beyond history." Hitler was, therefore, be demonized and seen very differently from other powerful Western. His ferocity was "monstrous" because it is directed against the Europeans. He was a monster, born from the "evil" itself, not by history.
This also served to hide the fact that Hitler could never do anything of what he did without any support from those countries that now demonized. As stated Peter Calvocoressi, Prosecutor at Nuremberg: "The industrialists were the engine of the German state. The real backbone of Germany's armed forces were not, or at least not only them, but the industrial and financial power. Without it there would be was no army. "
The Second World War was explained in the dynamic dictatorship / democracy. The end of fascism and Nazism was celebrated as the return to the ideals of freedom, democrazia e giustizia. A tutt'oggi molti pensano alla Seconda guerra mondiale come ad un conflitto fra "valori" diversi, come se gli Alleati fossero stati completamente estranei all'ascesa di Hitler e al rafforzamento delle sue mire espansionistiche. Alcuni studi storici (7) ci fanno capire che non è così. Le imprese e le banche occidentali, soprattutto quelle americane, avevano ricavato dalla guerra profitti enormi. Avevano giocato bene le loro carte finanziando l'ascesa di Hitler e la sua preparazione alla guerra. Non era la prima volta, né sarebbe stata l'ultima, che il potere economico e finanziario americano utilizzava un dittatore mostruoso per realizzare i suoi progetti. Alcune grosse imprese Usa (come la Ibm, la Ford Motor Company, la General Motors e la Standard Oil) avevano continuato a produrre per il führer anche durante la guerra, dimostrando palesemente che per loro gli alti profitti contavano più della vita umana. Durante la guerra avevano utilizzato ampiamente lavoratori coatti, che trattavano alla stessa stregua di oggetti senza valore. Un lavoratore anonimo scrisse in una lettera: "L'Ibm è un mostro internazionale... come i nazisti" (8).
La Ford, anche dopo l'entrata in guerra degli Usa, continuò a produrre materiale bellico, che sarebbe stato utilizzato contro gli americani. Le fabbriche americane in Germania non vennero mai bombardate durante la guerra. Le banche e le imprese americane si erano dichiarate "neutrali", e avevano tratto parecchi vantaggi the bloody war that would weaken the European empires and strengthened the American empire. Today, those same companies and banks are stronger than ever, and fomenting wars in different parts of the world, for the same reasons: to strengthen its dominance and for large profits.
E 'question whether imperialism was indeed defeated, as we were led to believe, or whether it was deleted from German imperialism of Hitler. If
imperialism we mean a political-military-economic system of a particular nation that stands as superior to all others and makes terrible crimes with impunity, then the historical facts tell us that it never died, and has continued to commit genocide, and led terrible wars. The difference is that after the Second World War, crime and genocide have been reported outside of Europe, in those lands considered to plunder and exploit. Lands where human life has the same value that is given in rich countries.
After Hitler, it became clear that imperialism produced terrible crimes, and the term was banned (9). In the infamous words of "imperialism" was replaced, quite wrongly, the word "democracy" (10), and for many years the imperialist crimes were disguised as "struggles for freedom of peoples," and "democracy."
Since the end of the Second World War, the U.S. power strove to increase its energy resources and prevent wherever the birth of an alternative model to the capitalist West. The wake of war, violence and cruelty is very long. The dichotomy dictatorship / democracy was revived through the "red danger", with which the United States to exert influence in many parts of the world war. The military operations carried out by the U.S. to impose its hegemony have been at least 60 since the last World War to today. Under the pretext of "defending the people from tyrants," the U.S. has devastated many countries, who were "guilty" of wanting to implement an alternative political-economic system in the U.S..
the Second World War was created ad hoc a reality in which it seemed that the crimes and abuses of power belonged to the past. U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the Atlantic Charter (1941), spoke for the first time for redemption of colonized peoples, freedom and self-determination. But they were just fine words, which obscured the intent to supplant its dominance to European.
Additional historical developments reveal a face of the West, particularly the U.S., quite different from what the media propaganda show. The wars of yesterday against the enemy "communist", or those of today against the enemy "terrorists", have hidden and continue to hide the paradoxes of the Western world to U.S. hegemony. A world that professes to have democratic institutions, an analysis depth, does not respect at all.
The paradoxes and contradictions in the West today, to U.S. hegemony, are many. We think the constitutional principle of equality of citizens, defended by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. This principle (as the values \u200b\u200bof "Justice," "Tranquility" and "general welfare"), supported in the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution is not respected in reality. There are certain characteristics of the American economic system that effectively exclude the possibility that constitutional values \u200b\u200bare protected. In the U.S. economic power is in the hands of a very limited group of people. The power to print money is in the hands of a private group banks, defined Federal Reserve, a designation that causes most to think that this is an institution of government. U.S. citizens are charged a fee for this absurd private monopoly, which absorbs much of their wealth.
A small group of people, who are often the same companies that own, decide the fate of many countries, through the denial or the giving of money. For an oligarchic economic system can only be matched by a political system with the same characteristics. American presidents are all belonging to the rich class, and their campaigns received, both candidates, financing by the firms and banks themselves. The American political system is based on the personality of the candidates as if it were a spectacle, and media create political figures the same way as Hollywood stars. Democracy has been reduced to a "ritual", held to give the illusion people to count for something. Michel Chossudovsky observes: "No alternative is offered to the electorate. Neoliberalism is an integral part of the political platform of all major political parties. As in the one-party state, the election results have virtually no impact on the effective management of policy economic and social status "(11).
After the end of the Cold War, the economic-financial elite acquired American security and wealth to dominate the whole world. The fame that he had freed from dictatorship and to bring "freedom and democracy" everywhere, allowing them to propagate the culture of American culture as a "morally superior", to be broadcast around the world. But today we are living in a world where the propaganda opposed dictatorship / democracy is costing too many people. The rich American elite, especially in the last two decades, is implementing plans for world domination, and it is not a domain that could help humanity. The plan of domination and destruction is hidden by defensive and humanitarian reasons. The U.S. say they have enemies "terrorists", but then cynically kill defenseless people, say they do "humanitarian missions" but then condemn millions of people to die of hunger because of their economic policies, taxes through cleverly apparently international institutions (IMF, WB, WTO). The elite U.S. does not want a world in which wealth can be redistributed more, and does not like that people can have a voice in political and economic issues. He then found the formula to establish an apparent "democracy", which covers and hides the true power.
The very word "democracy" used to the abuse of American presidents, was stripped of content that should necessarily be associated with: popular sovereignty in all matters affecting the people themselves, respect for human rights human, first and foremost the right to self determination.
writes Peter Gowan, "A New Democracy is managed by landlords capitalists who finance the political process and offer voters a choice between leaders who share the same opinions but have a different style of control ... At the same time makes the New Democracy easier for corporations to increase their influence and the media 'global' (ie Western) guiding public opinion. (This) will of the leaders in the country chosen to 'want what we want'. So there will be no need to use the stick "(12).
For "New Democracy" means "democracy" exported from the United States. The myth New Democracy was expressed by the dictator Augusto Pinochet, who, after the massacre of thousands of people and the suppression of the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende, in these words described the new situation in Chile. The New Democracy is a "democracy without people." The "new democracies" are many, implemented and yet, tragically, to be implemented. The book covers all the significant moments of American dominance of the last war to date. It identifies the paradoxes, techniques to enforce the power and to strengthen it, and the media propaganda which reverses meanings and change the facts. In the background is the terrible suffering of the people, forced to endure poverty, war, torture and massacres.
L'opera spiega anche l'ennesima menzogna di indicare nella "globalizzazione" la via per il benessere mondiale. Lunghe divagazioni nelle Università o nei Convegni in materia economica non sono ancora giunte ad una definizione univoca del termine "globalizzazione". E' impossibile definirlo senza scoprire le magagne dietro le quali si nasconde l'Occidente che si professa civile e democratico, senza considerare l'avidità dei paesi ricchi verso quelli poveri, e senza spiegare come i primi abbiano attuato stratagemmi "legali" per imporre un nuovo tipo di colonizzazione, nascosto dalle false politiche di "aiuto e sviluppo".
Secondo l'economista Boris Kagarlitsky, "globalizzazione non significa impotenza dello Stato, ma rigetto da parte dello State of its social function in favor of the repressive, then the end of democratic freedoms "(13).
The sociologist Ulrich Beck, referring to the word" globalization, "says:" More than a word it is a fog, a word-spectrum ... I call neo-liberal globalism dictatorship in the world market, in particular in the developing world, remains the foundation - however poor - democratic to self .... I mean by globalization, not only economic globalization but also the political, social and cultural "(14). The globalization, sooner or later require repression and war. Michel Chossudovsky asserts:" War and globalization are not separate issues ... At the dawn of the third millennium, the war and the "free market" go hand in hand "(15).
Globalization is the imposition of the full power of the oligarchy to the world. Through the processes of globalization, the elite of the banks and corporations has failed to enforce its rules to bend if governments. The world was a bleak and miserable place for most of the population. The political elite have produced unemployment, forced millions of people to work with very low wages, have eliminated the social welfare policies of the weakest, and they removed the real power from the hands of the representatives of the people. By putting profit above all things, have stirred new wars and new genocide. The U.S. today place themselves above any law, and consider the Bill of Rights of 1948 a "letter to Santa Claus," as Reagan's ambassador, Jeane Kirkpatrick, referring in particular Article 25, speaking of economic man.
Banks companies are enriched with economic crises and wars. The crisis created by the banks, cutting off credit and demanded payment. Wars are an excellent source of profits for banks and businesses, as they help to increase the debt of the country and exporting large quantities of weapons.
The world today is dominated by U.S. power of the oligarchy, a greedy and power based on lies. As Gore Vidal observes bluntly: "Their hearts are clearly elsewhere, making money, far from our mock Roman temples, where, alas, we are left with only their heads, who dream of war, preferably against weak peripheral countries" (16) .
Today many scholars argue that the condition of the U.S. should worry the world. For example, the American scholar writes Carolyn Baker:

"If we confront the tortured truths of American history that are related to 9 / 11 or the genocide of Native Americans made by European Americans in the 17th century, or any the atrocities perpetrated by the U.S. government of which I have said, we are forced to confront our false belief, deeply indelible amerocentrica clearly that America the beautiful is also the 'America as pure as snow ", or the' down America over the conduct of the nations 'children'."
Everything in our culture and our upbringing instilled in us a sense of arrogance and specialty filled automoralità in relation to the rest of the world. The "other" nations are corrupt, we look with satisfaction, pointing to some Latin American dictators, morally degraded. The "other" nations kill and torture their citizens without regard for the value of human life - but not in America. We use the phrase "conspiracy theory", almost as a synonym "schizophrenia" to describe (and slander) theories we hear too unbearable to believe it. Maybe some other government in some distant land, led by tyrants with strange sounding names in drug trafficking and laundering the profits through their exchanges. In some other nation, there is no rule of law, and the government allows its citizens to be massacred in a while to make and continue a war for political and monetary gains or for re-accumulation of natural resources in rapid decline "(17).

The neoliberal policies imposed by the late '70s, has now reached unbelievable levels of devastation in many countries. The IMF, the World Bank and the WTO are offered as organizations that fight for "developing countries". But poor countries are not "developing" because their development can be stifled at birth by the rich countries, through these organizations. Of the 143 WTO member countries, only the rich can put twenty-one courses of action. And the IMF decided uniquely by the economic policies imposed on poor countries. The historian Mark Curtis, based in Doha at the WTO summit in 2001, said:

"(The) Economic growth (is) an emerging pattern of threats and intimidation of poor countries. It 'was really outrageous, rich countries use their power to support the interests of big business blatantly. L'argomento delle corporazioni multinazionali quali causa di povertà non era proprio all'ordine del giorno; era come una conferenza sulla malaria in cui non si discute neanche della zanzara" (18).

Il "The Guardian", del 6 novembre 2001, raccontò di un delegato africano intimorito e soggiogato dal potere dei paesi ricchi: "Se esprimo giudizi troppo severi il mio ministro riceverà una telefonata dagli Stati Uniti. Gli diranno che sto creando problemi agli Stati Uniti. Il mio governo non chiederà nemmeno 'cosa ho detto?'. Il giorno dopo si limiteranno a mandarmi un biglietto... così non parlo, per paura di far arrabbiare il padrone".
Barry Coates, del World Development Movement, disse: "Le nazioni ricche are still negotiating in the first place in the interests of their major corporations. And they're still hitting poor nations out of the negotiation process. Market observers say more cynical that this is the way in which trade negotiations have always been carried out. "(19)
While inequality between rich and poor is growing as never before, celebrates the power of the world capitalist economic progress in China, India or Brazil. By measuring the GDP of each country is given an estimate of the average wages of workers, the percentage of people below the poverty line, or the level of unemployment is being touted as a world different from what it really is, and we celebrate the "progress" even where the people are impoverished or working in weatshops condition.
The struggles of social movements, allegations of humanitarian organizations, and the protests of indigenous peoples, the U.S. seems to only small annoyances. The CIA calls "blowback," or "collateral damage" effects of U.S. policies is not expected. Today this "blowback" is devastating affect everyone, and can not be ignored.
The world of work, the welfare of ordinary people, the future of children, the protection of different cultures, the protection of the rights of the weakest, and so on. were swapped for other "values". William Blum notes:

"The machinery of American foreign policy is been fueled not by a devotion to any kind of morality, but rather by the need to serve other imperatives, which can be summarized below:
1) make the world safe for American corporations;
2) beautify the financial statements of employers defense at home who have contributed generously towards members of Congress;
3) prevent the emergence of any company that can act as a successful example of a model alternative to the capitalist
4) extend the political and economic hegemony over an area as wide as possible, as befits a "great power".
All this in the name of fighting a supposed moral crusade against what che freddi guerrieri si sono convinti essere, e hanno convinto il popolo americano, l'esistenza di una malvagia Cospirazione Comunista Internazionale, che in realtà non è mai esistita, malvagia o no" (20).

Oggi il mondo è nelle mani di circa 200 principali imprese Multinazionali e Transnazionali, che detengono la quasi totalità della ricchezza. Per queste imprese conta soltanto il profitto, e tutto è merce: il cibo, la salute, la cultura, l'acqua, l'educazione e persino la vita. Mentre la popolazione mondiale si impoverisce e milioni di persone vivono in gravi situazioni dovute alla disoccupazione, allo scarso reddito, o alla fame, le Corporation festeggiano successi economici mai visti prima. Le fusioni, le concentrazioni e le ristrutturazioni permettono loro di aumentare i profitti. Le imprese e le banche hanno un potere assoluto, e decidono le loro politiche economiche nel totale cinismo, e all'oscuro dei lavoratori. Oggi si possono compiere genocidi senza costruire campi di sterminio, basta privare milioni di persone del necessario per la sopravvivenza, oppure impedire l'accesso ai farmaci. Come spiega Susan George: "La scandalosa proibizione della fabbricazione e della distribuzione dei farmaci generici (contro l'Aids, la malaria, la tubercolosi ecc.) con il pretesto che si tratti di sostanze brevettate dalle transnazionali farmaceutiche non è altro che un contributo al genocidio e conferma agli occhi del mondo la dottrina che pone il commercio, la proprietà e il profitto al di sopra di ogni cosa, compresa la vita umana" (21).
Il modello neoliberale, ormai imposto come l'unico possibile, ha devastato il mondo intero. Oggi la povertà colpisce quasi l'80% degli abitanti del pianeta, e getta il mondo intero in balìa di un'insicurezza che riguarda ogni paese, e che non ha precedenti.
I movimenti sociali denunciano crimini e ingiustizie in molti paesi del mondo. Spesso chi denuncia i crimini e lotta contro la globalizzazione viene etichettato come "terrorista" o "antiamericano", e accusato di perseguire una sorta di "teoria del complotto" contro il potere libero e democratico degli Usa. In questo modo si offuscano pericolosamente gli intenti di difesa dei diritti umani, e si cerca to criminalize those who report the crime and those who do not. The powerful media propaganda is very effective, and we find ourselves, unwittingly, to label those who escapes from its contents. The U.S. hopes
power in a world where the poor being exploited to passively accept, without struggle and without reacting. Dreams of a world in which the masses remain passive towards the crimes and injustices, supported by religious faith, which gives a hope beyond this world, the only given them. Over the past twenty years the poorer classes have suffered severe cuts in U.S. assistance funds, and their conditions have seriously deteriorated. However, the Corporate Welfare (22), which includes subsidies and tax cuts for businesses, has been strengthened. Companies and banks have become much richer while ordinary citizens continue to be impoverished.
When the Western media is the issue of poverty, usually deal with special cases, without making specific references to the real causes of the problem and its leaders. The poor countries appear on television as victims of their own misfortune, natural disasters, or poverty is attributed to the existence of long internal conflict. Do not you ever explain the true motives of war, or who finances. The media shall ensure that no one asks why, if poor countries were looted from the West, now have no debts and credits. We are not accustomed to thinking that there are specific responsibilities behind the poverty, wars and hunger in the world.
This book deals with poverty and war crimes by making specific references, and without liability or hide brutal cruelty, which are still committed, sometimes from the same countries that complain.
The U.S. has become the policeman of the world, with a license to kill and torture anyone in the name of the alleged motives "ethics".
The concept of "democratic interventionism" or "ethical imperialism", which tends to legitimize the war, was developed in the '30s by Max von Baden, the future chancellor of the Reich. Von Baden said: "If he wants to resist the storms of democracy and its demand for an improvement the world, German imperialism should adopt an ethical foundation. Now we can safely write on our banners: The law is with us "(23). He was convinced that the war could improve the ethical world. His conviction was upheld by the safety culture and the German people were definitely higher any other culture and nation.
Today American presidents argue that the American people than any other, and that American culture has a mission in the world, a mission "ethics", which must be completed with any half.
The main motivation of the war on "global terrorism" stems from the belief expressed by Councillor Madeleine Albright, Thomas Friedman, "Washington knows that, without its military hegemony, America can not force the world to finance its deficit savings, which is essential for the artificial maintenance of their economic position" (24).
The way to maintain U.S. hegemony is thus the use of force, a force supported the idea that it is always right. The Americans have always been crimes committed with impunity, and continue to disfigure the world.




NOTE 1) Cited. in John Pilger, "Hidden Agenda", Fandango book, Rome 2003, p. 54.
2) Maurizio Molinari, "In Fallujah, the Pentagon's media victory. The impact of planned battle of public opinion "," La Stampa ", June 6, 2005.
3) The term was used by Winston Churchill, so that Hitler called in some documents of the period of the Second World War, which today are at the National Archives in Kew .
4) He was prime minister in 1885, during the period 1886-1892, and during the period 1895-1902). Salisbury made it possible for the annexation of Burma in 1885, and the conquest of the Transvaal and the Orange in 1899-1901.
5) Hitler claimed to have drawn lessons from the book of The Henry Ford jew International, a worldwide problem, published in Germany in 1921, in which Ford claimed that the Jews were very dangerous.
6) Aimé Césaire, "Discourse on Colonialism " Lilith, Roma 1999, p. 12.
7) Sutton Antony C., "Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler, Press", Seal Beach (California) 1976, e "Wall Street and Franklin Delano Roosvelt", Arlington House, New York 1975. Vedi anche Sanguinetti Oscar, "Le fonti finanziarie del comunismo e del nazionalsocialismo", Cristianità, anno I, 1985 pp. 39-52.
8) Minoli Giovanni, "La Storia siamo noi", Rai3, 1 febbraio 2006.
9) Furedi Frank, nel suo libro "The New Ideology of Imperialism", Pluto, Londra, 2004, osserva che "Le pretese morali dell'imperialismo non venivano quasi mai messe in discussione in occidente. L'imperialismo, espansione globale dei poteri occidentali, veniva dipinto in termini schiettamente positivi". Ma quando si capì che il nazismo non era altro che imperialismo, il termine acquisì caratteristiche funeste e non venne più utilizzato. Oggi i processi di globalizzazione possono essere definiti come "espansione globale dei poteri occidentali", ma vengono sempre denominati in modo da apparire come favorevoli a tutti i popoli, mentre di fatto avvantaggiano soltanto il potere occidentale, e sono sicuramente imperialistici.
10) Spesso lo stesso Hitler nei suoi discorsi utilizzava alla stessa stregua di "nazismo" la parola "democrazia".
11) Chossudovsky Michel, "Globalizzazione della povertà e nuovo ordine mondiale", Ega Editore, Torino 2003, p. 347.
12) Cit. Pilger John, "Agende nascoste", op. cit., p. 64.
13) Cit. Pilger John, "I nuovi padroni del mondo", Fandango Libri, Roma 2002, p. 12.
14) Beck Ulrich, "Libertà o capitalismo", Carocci, Roma 2001.
15) Chossudovsky Michel, "Globalizzazione della povertà e nuovo ordine mondiale", Ega Editore, Torino 2003, p. 26.
16) Vidal Gore, "Le menzogne dell'impero", Fazi editore, Roma 2002.
17) Baker Carolyn, "Non è mai accaduto", http://www.psicopolis.com/PSIPOL/segnalaz.htm
18) Cit. Pilger John, "I nuovi padroni del mondo", op. cit., p. 116-117.
19) Da SchNews, n. 332, del 23 novembre 2001.
20) Blum William, "Una breve storia degli interventi degli Stati Uniti, dal 1945 al presente", http://emperors-clothes.com/interviews/dekkers.htm
21) George Susan, "Fermiamo il WTO", Feltrinelli, Milano 2002, p. 78.
22) Il sistema del Corporate Welfare permette ad imprese private di poter gratuitamente sfruttare le risorse naturali del paese. A questo proposito vedi Stigliz Joseph E., "I ruggenti anni Novanta. Lo scandalo della finanza e il futuro dell'economia", Einaudi, Torino 2003.
23) "Il manifesto", 28 luglio 1998.
24) Cit. Samir Amin, "La Strategia del pugno invisibile", "Il manifesto", 29 aprile 1999.
Vedi anche "Times", 28 marzo 1999.


ALCUNI ARGOMENTI TRATTATI NEL LIBRO:
- Assetto geostrategico after the Second World War.
- What is really "terrorism."
- economic, financial and political hegemony of the West to the U.S..
- Characteristics, purpose and objectives of the mass media.
- Meaning of religious fundamentalism.
- Methods of psychological warfare.
- Significance of the Cold War.
- Causes of poverty in the Third World.
- Objectives and ideology of the U.S. authorities.
- Crimes of the Western intelligence agencies.
- Who is really bin Laden and his ties to al Qaeda.
- True meaning of the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001.
- The book is accompanied by statistical tables and images.

Antonella Randazzo graduated in Philosophy at the University of Pavia, the city where he taught. It takes some time for Modern and Contemporary History, Science of Education and Human Rights. He won the
Ibiskos with the essay "If the future is black. Africa that nobody says," which analyzes the most significant characteristics of colonialism and neocolonialism, in an attempt to get a better understanding of the problems of Africa today. In 2006 he wrote the book "Rome marauders. The Italian colonialism in Africa, 1870-1943" (Kaos Edizioni), and in 2009 published a reprint volume of the "dictatorship. The Hidden History" (Espavo). He also published "The troubled Travaglio. The strange case of an informant uninformed, "" Pirates & Mafia. The true story of organized crime "and" concealment Masonic (Espavo 2010).
several years is also involved in investigative journalism, with particular reference to human rights violations, and ensure publication of the magazine NEW ENERGY http:/ / antonellarandazzo.blogspot.com/2010/01/campagna-abbonamenti-2010.html.


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Monday, February 14, 2011

Clear Discharge During Menstruation

La dignità delle donne.





"Diamonds are a girl's best friend. "
This sparkling character played by a beautiful Marilyn Monroe 's unsurpassed representation of "A woman who is aware that sitting on their luck and face - let's say - who can share in concrete." The 'effective expression of Piero Ostellino.


So now not in this sense the dignity of women is in danger. How can women really assert their dignity? With studying and work first.
writes Professor Luca Ricolfi on Panorama of February 3, 2011 (p. 89):
"Not a day passes without the press denounces the drama of 'employment in Italy. Two million unemployed 1 billion hours of layoffs in 2010 alone, nearly 30 100 young people in search a job. And then the drama of insecurity, the difficulty of obtaining a stable job and start a family. "

"All true." "But ... But things are not simple as they seem . Even at the end of 2008, largely crisis began, the companies complained of a dramatic lack of graduates, particularly in the areas scientific-technical engineering, mathematics, biology , geology, chemistry, pharmacy, agriculture. And it is a few days ago that in the coming years we will probably have to import 15-20 thousand doctors from 'abroad, particularly in some specialties in pain: anesthesia, radiology, pediatrics, nephrology, geriatrics, surgery.
In short, it is true that graduates can not find work, but it is also true that there are too few graduates in the fields around fine. Young people prefer degrees weak, easy and low scientific content, or are directed toward degrees in mass erroneously considered strong, such as economics, law and psychology, where the promise of large gains is balanced by the fact that graduates are too many places compared to available. It should not be the best side of 'technical and vocational education. For years, business organizations complain about the lack of pavements, plumbers, electricians, computer scientists, telecommunications experts, nurses, skilled workers, just to name a few. But the technical and vocational schools are snubbed by their families, and for their children, especially girls, prefer a 'type of high school education, although often this does not end with neither a degree nor with the acquisition of a trade well defined.
Not to mention what happens in the case of menial jobs, are particularly common in a backward country like Italy. Here jobs that are created each year are many, but less and less interested in Italians. Suffice it to say that between the end of 2007 and the end of 2010, in the heart of the crisis, the immigrants were seizing more than 500 000 new jobs, mostly in low-professional occupations, although the average level of education for foreigners is comparable to that of the Italians.
Eventually, to think of it, the problem of unemployment in Italy has two sides. The lack of a serious industrial policy has resulted in our country highly-skilled jobs are scarce. At the same time the choices of families, hostile to manual labor no less than to binding studies, have come to deceive a 'whole generation, which now is not difficult to grasp the many opportunities that the labor market still offers ".

Already, overall, in Italy women are graduating more and better men. But are even in head 'accept the challenge from the labor market in terms set by Ricolfi. are the first to devote himself to study and work more challenging. Do not fear the market and competition, tough on businesses that employ the most capable. And choose men determined to do the same.
will be the 'entire country to give thanks, and made it better work, not rhetoric.

Thursday, February 10, 2011

Stomach Flu Over Christmas 09

Il parlamento nelle democrazie liberali contemporanee.

Luigi Einaudi (1874 - 1961) was one of the few great Italian liberals. Lawyer and economist, was governor of the Bank of Italy ', owner of economic ministries in government and De Gasperi second president of the Italian Republic.
In the following article he wrote in 1944:


" Parliaments are not societies or academies of culture science. The bodies, whose sole purpose is to form stable governments and to control the action. In the words of Prime Minister del primo governo laburista, Ramsay Mac Donald, le elezioni non si fanno per contare le opinioni, per fare il censimento (census, in inglese) delle sette, dei ceti, dei partiti, dei movimenti, dei gruppi sociali, religiosi, politici, ideologici in cui si fraziona una società, la quale sia composta di uomini vivi e pensanti; ma si fanno per mettersi d'accordo in primissimo luogo sul nome della persona che in qualità di primo ministro sarà chiamato a governare il paese, e in secondo luogo sul nome di coloro che collaboreranno con lui o che ne criticheranno l'operato. Le elezioni hanno cioè per scopo di creare il consenso (consensus e non census) intorno ad un uomo ed al suo gruppo di governo ed intorno a chi oggi sarà il suo critico and tomorrow will take over if the voters will give him reason. If you do not want anarchy, this is not a sterile academic review of opinions is the only specific purpose of a good electoral system .

Einaudi knew the 'evolution of parliamentary democracies in the first half of the twentieth century. In particular, it is here a clear reference to the English form of government, characterized by the rule of Prime Minister than the rest of the government and the parliamentary majority.
The future president of the republic shows that he is well aware of the needs of societies and economies West. The decision-making processes must comply to high standards of efficiency.
He cites the fundamental tasks of monitoring and inspection of the parliament, called to examine the 'business of government.
A lesson fully present, which brings us back to reality.


Saturday, February 5, 2011

Tricks Using 35mm Film

Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, I, 367-393: THE LAUNCHING OF THE SHIP ARGO BETWEEN TECHNICAL LANGUAGE AND REFINED ENABLE 'POETIC

The scene described the launch of Argo by Apollonius Rhodius in the first book of the poem (I , 367-393) can be taken as a significant example of the poetic sensibility of the ancients were not entirely comparable, to that of modern poets. The sense of the vague, the indefinite, the poetic word that is searched more for evocation to describe in detail the facts and things - Common to many poetic works from, at least, from Romanticism and still characteristic of poetry according to the collective imagination - is ill-suited (or contrast) to certain tendencies of ancient Greek poetry (especially epic) on the use of technical language and detailed descriptions of craft and manual. While this scene may be of considerable interest to anyone involved in studying and reconstructing the material life of the greek people, on the other hand seem to be out of place in a context of literary criticism and (this is not negligible) may disappoint expectations of a reader who approaches for the first time in these texts. The question necessarily involves a review of what are our concepts of poetry, especially the well-known adjective "poetic." Without addressing philosophical questions that would lead us away, just remember, limiting the Italian poetry, the example of pasture and Montale. Pascoli, in fact, responded to a certain rigidity of poetic language, using terms related to traditional Italian folk tradition alive, precise vocabulary and dialect to describe plants, animals and agricultural tools (albeit in a poetic evocation of the symbol and another reality). Montale, not many years later made his own lesson in the pastures, the famous opera and programmatic The Lemons (vv. 1-10) says:

Listen to me, the poet laureate
only move between plants
whose names are rare: boxwood or privet acanthus.
him, for me, I love the roads to grassy
ditches where puddles      
mezzo seccate agguantano i ragazzi
qualche sparuta anguilla:
le viuzze che seguono i ciglioni,
discendono tra i ciuffi delle canne
e mettono negli orti, tra gli alberi dei limoni.




I versi di Montale rappresentano, dunque, una precisa reazione ad una visione aulica della poesia e a alla concezione per cui ciò che è “poetico” deve essere separato dalla normale quotidianità non solo a livello tematico, ma anche linguistico. Ciò che delinea il poeta genovese in questo passo, dunque, va a toccare non solo aspetti della poetica novecentesca, ma può sviluppare interessanti riflessioni sulle modalità di ricezione moderna dei testi poetici greci.

Come giudicare, infatti, le frequenti scene tecniche che ricorrono nei poemi epici (sacrifici, navigazione, costruzioni,...), nelle Opere e i giorni di Esiodo o negli Inni omerici , soprattutto in relazione alle aspettative di un pubblico moderno? Una risposta a questo interrogativo si deve, in estrema sintesi, allo studioso anglosassone Eric Havelock, che considerò i poemi omerici una sorta di “enciclopedia tribale”, ossia opere che in assenza della scrittura proprio attraverso le numerose scene tipiche dovevano trasmettere l'intero bagaglio di conoscenze della comunità.
Più in generale, si può dire, e ciò è valido anche per i più antichi filosofi greci, che nell'età arcaica il metro (cioè la poesia) aveva una multi-function and, as such, was not necessarily felt as special tool to produce what we call "poetry." Through the hexameter, the elegiac couplets or Giambi, in summary, send messages and content (which today would be part of the prose) that went far beyond the pleasure of enjoying a work of modern art. However, this reading (which certainly can not be the only one) message allows an objective evaluation of ancient epic is not separated from the concrete purpose of the texts.

Although Apollonius Rhodius resume, centuries after flowering archaic epic, this kind of typical scenes, it is noted that in the Hellenistic period such as the scientifically advanced and now focuses on the gradual emergence of the composition / written transmission of texts (at least among scholars), was no longer required to epic poetry and the poet's task was no longer to preserve the entire culture of a people. The development of Alexandrian philology, so to speak, had established through his intense exegetical text of the Homeric poems and a whole line of products antiquarian studies had investigated in detail the uses, customs and traditions of the ancient Greeks. The choice to include in the poem of Apollonius tracks "technical", therefore, is not only a due tribute Homer and the ancient tradition of epic poetry, but corresponds to a way of understanding art (think also to the arts) that does not rule and does not consider "unpoetic" (just as in pastures and Montale) dwell on the scenes and everyday life of human life told through its various manifestations. Indeed, it is precisely this kind of scene that the Hellenistic poet can demonstrate its ability and can develop a kind of literary competition with the most ancient poets.
We see, therefore, in practice some aspects of the scene of the launch of Argo:

νῆα d epikrateos Argos ypothimosynῃsin
ezosan pamproton efstrefei endothen oplῳ
teinamenoi ekaterthen Iv 'fair araroiato gomfois
Duero and rothioio viin echoi antioosan. 370
digging d aipsa in breadth So long as perivallet the space,
ide Against proeiran through alos ossation approx
markers cheiressin epidrameesthai emellen,
aiei But prior chthamaloteron exelachainon
στείρης· ἐν δ' ὁλκῷ ξεστὰς στορέσαντο φάλαγγας· 375
τὴν δὲ κατάντη κλῖναν ἐπὶ πρώτῃσι φάλαγξιν,
ὥς κεν ὀλισθαίνουσα δι' αὐτάων foreoito.
ypsi d 'No.' where and where is metastrepsantes eretma
pichyion notable on skalmoisin Edison,
of D-epamoivadis αὐτοὶ ἐνέσταθεν ἀμφοτέρωθεν 380
στέρνα θ' ὁμοῦ καὶ χεῖρας ἐπήλασαν. ἐν δ' ἄρα Τῖφυς
βήσαθ', ἵν' ὀτρύνειε νέους κατὰ καιρὸν ἐρύσσαι.
keklomenos d ifse greatly large, ie he parasson
whom be a state vrisantes iῇ styfelixan eroῇ
neiothen spun from edris, for d errosanto podessin 385
proproviazomenoi, or d espeto Pelion Argo
rimfa will possess' the fourth ekaterthen epiachon aissontes ·
c. d 'competent' under keel stivarai stenachonto columns
trivomenai on NOT sfin aidni gall thin
vrithosynῃ · katolisthe d through alos. And the MIN afthi 390
ἂψ ἀνασειράζοντες ἔχον προτέρωσε κιοῦσαν·
σκαλμοῖς δ' ἀμφὶς ἐρετμὰ κατήρτυον, ἐν δέ οἱ ἱστόν
λαίφεά τ' εὐποίητα καὶ ἁρμαλιὴν ἐβάλοντο.




Questa scena è descritta dal poeta dopo che i compagni hanno scelto Giasone come comandante dell'impresa in seguito al monito di Eracle (vv. 345-347). Fanno parte del complesso rituale immediatamente precedente alla partenza, oltre al varo di Argo, il sorteggio dei banchi dei rematori (vv. 395-401), la costruzione di un altare ad Apollo sulla spiaggia (402-404) e la preghiera ed il sacrificio al dio (vv. 405-435) per ottenere una tranquilla navigazione. Fondamentale, prima di all reference to the Argo (Ἄργου ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν "), the legendary builder of the ship led by the goddess Athena itself (see I, vv. 18-19).
The situation described by the poet (a ship on the beach to be conducted at sea), and where the poet alludes linguistic expression " νῆα ... πάμπρωτον , "is narrated by Homer in Od ., IV, 780-783:

νῆα μὲν οὖν πάμπρωτον ἁλὸς βένθοσδε ἔρυσσαν,
ἐν δ' ἱστόν τε τίθεντο καὶ ἱστία νηῒ μελαίνῃ,
ἠρτύναντο δ' ἐρετμὰ τροποῖσ 'ἐν δερματίνοισι
πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν · ἀνά θ' ἱστία λευκὰ πέτασσαν ·

This is the step in which is told the start of the suitors of Penelope to waylay Telemachus, who had gone to ask for news of his father. Compared to its archaic, Hellenistic poet enriches the scene of new and more complex Details: The vessel is surrounded by ropes in order to strengthen their sea-keeping and, above all, meticulously describes the techniques needed to move the boat from the beach to the shore by a furrow dug along the bottom and along the path to follow, and the use of rollers on which slide Argo. In detail, it should be noted that the rope used to encircle the hull ( ἐυστρεφεῖ ... ὅπλῳ ) Hom recalls., Od ., XIV, 346 ( "ὅπλῳ ἐϋστρεφέϊ") while the term " γόμφος" (v. 369) is used by Apollonius nell'accezione Boat "cross" attested in Herodotus ( II, 96, 2) with respect to the construction of the Egyptian ships. With " δούρατα" (v. 370) the poet indicates the "beams" used for boats, use already documented in Hom., Od ., V, 370, while the neutral noun "ῥόθιο ν, used in the sense of" waves "seems to refer to Apollonius use a certificate in the texts Attic: Aeschl., Pr ., 1048; Eur IT ., 426, Thuc., IV, 10, 5.
Other nautical terms of Homeric ancestry ( Hom., The ., I, 482 ; Od ., II, 428 ) is to see 375: " στειρη" ("Hull"). The reference to the furrow by the Argonauts (v. 371) to the shore is a short but accurate feedback in a passage of ' Iliad (II, 153) in' expression "οὐρούς τ 'ἐξεκάθαιρον" ("cleaned up the grooves of the hulls"), used in reference to the Achaeans Agamemnon deceived by false speech and prepared to return home on board ships. Below (see 375) with "ξεστὰς φάλαγγας" il poeta indica dei rulli in legno levigati sopra i quali veniva fatta scorrere la nave (vv. 376-377). Di questo particolare tecnico si trova menzione (vv. 270-271) anche nelle Argonautiche Orfiche , testo anonimo di età tarda (IV-V sec.) che riprende il poema di Apollonio in chiave orfica. Altrettanto dettagliata è la descrizione della sistemazione dei remi: vengono rivolti verso l'alto (v. 378), e vengono fatti sporgere dagli scalmi di un cubito (v. 379).
Il termine nautico più significativo di questa porzione di testo è “ σκαλμός ” (“scalmo”), attestato nell' Inno omerico a Dioniso (VII, 42) e nei tragici (Aeschl., Pers ., 376; Eur., IT ., 1347; Hel ., 1598). Linguistically significant is the use of "πήχυιον" (v. 279 "cubit"), as evidenced earlier in Mimnermo (fr. 2, 3) and below the words "κατὰ καιρὸν", documented from Pindar ( I ., II, 22, fr. 123, 1, 127, 2) and Herodotus (I, 30, 8).
should also be observed:
's hapax absolute (v. 383) "παρᾶσσον", as explained by the scholiast adverb of time ("immediately"), used as the dual plural " βρίσαντε" (parallel to a similar use of the dual in ' Homeric Hymn to Apollo 456, 457 Apollonius himself and III, 206), the expression "ἐπὶ δ 'ἐρρώσαντο πόδεσσιν" (v. 385), perhaps an echo of Hes., Th ., 9 ("ἐπερρώσαντο δὲ ποσσίν) ; la forma a v. 386 προπροβιαζόμενοι”, hapax morfologico assoluto di “ προπροβιάζω”, verbo attestato unicamente in Eschine (III, 72) ed usato da Apollonio per descrivere l'avanzata degli eroi nella spiaggia; il termine nautico già omerico “ τρόπις” (“chiglia” Od ., V, 130); il sostantivo “ λιγνυς” (v. 389 "soot") documented in the theater attic (Aeschl., Sept ., 494, Soph., Ant ., 1127; Aristoph., Av ., 1241; Lys ., 319), the verb "ἀνασειράζω" (V. 391), used to indicate the action of "pulling back" to prevent the ship after the initial push forward motion could proceed too far into the sea, before Apollonius only attested in Euripides ( Hip ., 237) and a fragment of Aristophanes (561), the use of "λαῖφος" (v. 392) nell'accezione Boat "sailing" documented in ' Homeric Hymn to Apollo (v. 406) and tragedy (Aeschl., Suppl ., 723, Soph., Tr ., 561; Eur Med ., 524), the expression " λαίφεά τ 'εὐποίητα "(392" the sails worked well ") echo humerus" εἵματά τ 'εὐποίητα ( Od ., XIII, 369 as incipit of direction. See also Hes., Sc ., 64 and H. Hom., Ap ., 265); the end of Hesiod's ancestry ( Op ., 767) "ἁρμαλιά" ("stores").

But the skill of Apollonius, which is apparent from these observations vocabulary, you may especially appreciate the realism with which he describes the scene as a whole. Before our eyes, the heroes appear intent on pushing Argo into the sea, with all the effort that this action involves, you can hear the cries of incitement to Tifi (v. 383), and the noise generated by the sliding of the rollers of the vessel and the resulting soot emanating around (vv. 388-389). You see the ship enter the water and the movement of inertia that is stopped by a rope through the Argonauts (v. 391).

In Latin reworking ( Argonaut ) of Hellenistic poem, composed under the Flavian dynasty of Flacco, it is narrated the scene of the launch of the Argo, but the construction and decoration of the hull by Argo (I, vv. 121-148):

Fervere cuncta virum coetu, simul undique cernit
delatum nemus et docta resonare bipenni
litora. iam pinus gracili dissolvere lamna
Thespiaden iungique latus lentoque sequaces
molliri videt igne trabes remisque paratis 125
Pallada velifero quaerentem bracchia malo.
constitit ut longo moles non pervia ponto,
puppis et ut tenues subiere latentia cerae
lumina, picturae varios super addit honores.
hic insperatos Tyrrheni tergore piscis. 130
Peleos in thalamos vehitur Thetis; aequora delphin
corripit, sedet deiecta in lumina palla
nec Iove maiorem nasci suspirat Achillen.
hanc Panope Dotoque soror laetataque fluctu
prosequitur nudis pariter Galatea lacertis 135
antra petens; Siculo revocat de litore Cyclops.
contra ignis viridique torus de fronde dapesque
vinaque et aequoreos inter cum coniuge divos
Aeacides pulsatque chelyn post pocula Chiron.
parte alia Pholoe multoque insanus Iaccho 140
Rhoecus et Atracia subitae de virgine pugnae.
crateres mensaeque volant araeque deorum
poculaque, insignis veterum labor. optimus hasta
hic Peleus, hic ense furens agnoscitur Aeson.
fert gravis invito victorem Nestora tergo 145
Monychus, ardenti peragit Clanis Actora quercu.
nigro Nessus equo fugit adclinisque tapetis
in mediis vacuo condit caput Hippasus auro.

From a simple comparison between the Latin text and the original greek one can see how Flacco has reduced the importance of the technical descriptions nautical to give greater weight to ' ekphrasis scenes painted on the hull. Interestingly, however, the technical detail of the wax used to fill the cracks during the voyage they would enter the water in the hull.

P. Manuello