RIVOLUZIONI E GUERRE La verità sui conflitti del XX secolo 
Antonella Randazzo
revolutions and wars
The truth about the conflicts of the twentieth century
You can not fully understand the present if you do not know past. The balance and the hegemony of today depend on the conflicts of the twentieth century. This book offers a new interpretation of the revolutionary and counterrevolutionary war, broke out in many countries during the last century. After analyzing the documents made available since the early nineties, there were new facts very clarifying. In the old wars
historiography appear in some ways unpredictable, and due to hegemonic intent or attempt by the people, to achieve a more equitable system. Today has been brought to light other elements that reveal new aspects of war "revolutionary" or "counterrevolutionary" and allow us to seize the many motives that have led to implement them, and the effects scaturiti.
Questo libro risponde a domande a cui la vecchia storiografia non ha mai risposto:
Perché le ideologie social-comuniste, diffuse già a partire dal XIX secolo, non portarono alla nascita di un sistema favorevole al popolo? Quali furono i veri motivi delle due guerre mondiali? Se si doveva combattere contro i tiranni, perché fu dichiarata guerra soltanto alla Germania nonostante anche l'Urss avesse aggredito la Polonia? Perché i cittadini americani di origine italiana subirono arresti e persecuzioni ancor prima che l’Italia entrasse in guerra?
Cosa ebbero in comune i peronisti e i castristi che in alcuni casi lottarono insieme?
In questo libro, che si basa su documenti ufficiali e su testimonianze dei protagonists emerge the real causes of wars, and events that allow you to understand them in depth.
This volume explores in depth the most important events of the war occurred in the last century, even those never treated in textbooks, like the colonial wars and revolutions in Latin America.
The wars of the twentieth century, their truths, reveal an untold story of crime and cruelty glossy, which destroys many certainties, but that allows us to understand the reality of many facts seem incomprehensible.
This is a book about the war that seeks to make peace possible. In fact, only include the possibilities inscribed in the change personal and social development can bring out that the real revolution is yet to be made: who glorifies violence as a way to make changes once again what has been done for centuries, but not fully understood. Today the world is ready for another chance: to understand the war to make peace possible. Those who claim that war is inevitable, and proposes the use of violence, does not understand what war.
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................ .................. 5
CHAPTER I - because of the revolution
AND CONTROL OF THE PEOPLE ... ................. .................. ... .. 13
CHAPTER II - Revolutions MISLEADING .......... ... .... 34
Par I - The revolution in China
Par II - The Nazi-Fascist ideology
CHAPTER III - Revolution and counterrevolution
IN LATIN AMERICA ..................................... ... .......... The Par 79
- Cuba
Par II - Haiti
Par III - Nicaragua
Par IV - Guatemala
Par V - VI El Salvador
Par - Par VII
Chile - Argentina
CHAPTER IV - the anticolonial revolutions. ... ...... 134
Par I - anti-colonial revolutions in Asia
Para II - Par III
Vietnam - Cambodia and Laos
Par. IV - Indonesia
Par. V - Timor Est
Par. VI - Rivoluzioni anticoloniali in Africa
Par. VII - Congo
Par. VIII - Ghana
Par. IX - Tanzania e Burkina Faso
Par. X - Angola Par
XI - Algeria
Par XII - The anti-colonial revolutions of the peoples of Islamic
Par. XIII - The Arab Nakba
Par. XIV - XV Par
Iraq - Syria, Lebanon and Iran
CHAPTER V - THE BANKS OF Counterrevolution
AND BUSINESS IN THE FIRST WORLD ...................... 228
Par I - World War II
Par - The First World War
Par III - The English Civil War
Par IV - The Second World War
Par V - The Second World War
Par VI - The war in Yugoslavia
Par VII - The Veterans
BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................... .............. 349
INTRODUCTION This book racconta le guerre dello scorso secolo come nessuno le ha mai raccontate, considerando aspetti che sono stati tenuti nascosti, per non svelare responsabilità e crimini di chi le ha volute e organizzate.
Raccontare la verità sulle guerre, smascherando le mistificazioni, consente di capire gran parte della realtà di oggi, privandola delle gravi alterazioni che l'élite egemone ha interesse a creare per proteggere il suo potere.
Dire tutta la verità sui fatti storici significa anche distruggere molti luoghi comuni, e scoprire che spesso la realtà non è così lineare, semplice o evidente come i testi scolastici ci hanno insegnato. Nella vecchia storiografia, le guerre appaiono per alcuni aspetti imprevedibili, e dovute a hegemonic intent or attempt by the people, to achieve a more equitable system. Today has been brought to light other elements that reveal new aspects of war "revolutionary" or "counterrevolutionary" and allow us to seize the many motives that have led to implement, and effects, largely planned and wanted by those who has planned. In this book, based on official documents and testimonies of the protagonists emerge the real causes of wars, and events to help you understand them thoroughly.
The old history, in addition to not adequately consider the documents that have emerged since the nineties, not connected properly to the choices some military facts political, economic and financial, private and important events of their cause. Within a broad perspective, taking into account all the factors involved (financial, economic, political, hegemonic, etc..), Even incomprehensible facts acquire their meaning. For example, why was only declared war on Germany in spite of the Soviet Union had also attacked Poland? Or what they had in common the Peronist Castro and in some cases fought together? Furthermore, why American citizens of Italian origin suffered arrests and persecution even before Italy entered the war? This book answers these and many other unanswered questions about riddles, never made it clear narrated by official history.
The term "revolution" is a series of extraordinary events that cause radical changes in the political and social. This may occur as a result of new knowledge, the emergence of a new cultural or political sensitivity, or through previously organized a violent act. If the revolution is successful, also produces changes in the legal and economic.
The etymology of the word, which derives from the Latin "revolutio", "revolve" or "pay" means the "turning back", ie, a change of direction. The revolution is thus not originally intended as a war, even though the Modern and Contemporary History has seen many bloody revolutions. This prevented, as this book explains, real changes in the political-economic. The real revolution is not, therefore, armed, and armed revolutions needed to prevent the real revolution, sapping popular enthusiasm and make it physically impossible for any real change. According
Persio Tincani, the revolution must be distinguished from the "coup" which is "in the seizure of power by a group through military action, while the revolution is" a process that leads to traumatic disruption of the order politically by a massive popular participation. "(1) The difference is that
the coup is being implemented within the same state authorities, while the revolution requires the work of people who are "outside" the state power. Revolutions are therefore implemented by the people, however, the people, in most cases, have not seen any benefit from the revolutionary wars.
analysis of revolutions, from the French Revolution to the social-communist revolutions, we observe that, apart from some exceptions, the result was the establishment of a new order elitist. If during these revolutions, there was a popular uprising and the struggle against the old system, what happened "after"? Popular participation was in itself, guarantee favorable results to the people? Look
scholar Herbert Hart: "Although always involves the violation of some rules of the existing (the revolution) can lead only to replace legally authorized a new group of individuals in government, and a new constitution or a new legal order. "(2) In other words, even if the intention is to change people, it is not guaranteed by the Revolutionary War.
This book is about analyzing the causes of armed revolution, clarifying the reasons that convinced the people to fight, and how the ruling elite has reacted hopes for renewal of the popular classes.
The book distinguishes revolutions "ideological" or "misleading" by the anti-colonial revolutions. The "revolutions misleading" or "ideological" are those which, although from ideologies seemingly favorable to the working classes, did not go to the benefit of the people who made them. In this revolution, the masses have been triggered by reasons and promises that will not be respected at all by the group that will rise to power.
ideologies that led people to the Revolutionary War were born after the Enlightenment. Since the eighteenth century, people became less and less likely to accept the ideology (blue blood, divine power, etc..) justifying the unequal power of a group of people. In the Europe of the nineteenth century spread the socialist-communist ideas, more and more convinced that the peoples of the possibility of changing the reality in their favor, to eliminate the excessive power of the upper classes. In fact, numerous documents prove that some ideologies in favor of the underprivileged classes were developed and used by the elite rich to deceive and to establish a system of power only apparently different from the previous year.
Marxist ideology created hatred between the classes, and social division, to unleash a war that would have benefited the elite. The latter, an expert in preparing and conducting wars, Russia and China, will use the revolution to impose a dictatorship.
The success of Marxism among the poorer classes was due to the conditions of misery and frustration of the European masses, who saw in this ideology, the possibility of creating a better future. Following industrialization, had formed a compact group of persons exploited and forced to live in poverty (workers). Marxism pointed contrast to that class to that of the exploiters, the historical necessity of supporting the Revolutionary War. Many workers are not interested much in-depth study of the system devised by Marx, being especially attracted by the message of change, which gave them hope of being freed oppression and exploitation.
Many European proletariat, from the late eighteenth century, uprisings and organized protests against the unfair system. In the nineteenth century and extended these struggles were organized in many countries, and suffered bloody repression everywhere. The poorer classes were struggling to get results: higher wages, shorter working hours, humane working conditions, etc.., And philosophical theories related to "historical materialism" or "dialectical", did not affect them much.
Revolutions "communist" as the Soviet and Chinese, were organized and run by persons who served the oligarchy, and that it has received funding.
Before the deployment of social-communists, the people were usually emotionally involved in the wars through the symbols of the Fatherland, the Nation, and relying on the concept of having to defend freedom from the foreigner. All emphasize the national anthems to take up arms against the enemy that wants to take away your freedom: "To arms citizens, formed the battalions, make ... arm themselves against us ... those bloody despots ... Sacred Love for the Fatherland, guide , support our avenging arms. Liberty, beloved liberty. "(3) The songs of nations are incitements to war. With the formation of the underprivileged masses these subjects is secondary to the need to fight poverty and starvation. It will take up other subjects, other ideologies that presented war as favorable to the interests of the poorer classes, and as decisive to change the reality of exploitation and misery.
The danger that the social-communist ideology concealed a fraud has been supported by all of these systems theorists, including Marx. Some theorists such as Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, noted that even after the revolutions are settled governments to defend the old system
"If the people at every revolution, following the inspiration of his heart, believed to correct the defects of his government, has instead been betrayed by his own ideas: thinking of restoring power to it, in fact if it is ever found against them, rather than a protector, it is transferred to a tyrant. "(4)
from the nineteenth century, the people began to feed very negative feelings against the rulers or authorities who had previously admired and envied, and absorb the evil and the despotism of an oligarchy that despised them and was prepared to kill to stay in power. The dominant group had been hiding to continue to exercise its power totalitarian and oppressive. The authorities, whether religious or secular, is significantly weakened the long nineteenth century, and in the twentieth century will need to mask their power behind puppet governments, parliaments and apparently elected by the people. During the twentieth century, the group manages to acquire new hegemonic power through exploitation of new ideologies, or unleashing bloody wars counter.
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, many Europeans were attracted to the working class anarchist movement. This movement has always been treated by the media as a terrible taboo. The very word "anarchy" was imposed the most negative meaning, even more than the word "communism". The anarchists were described as subversive of order, laws rebels, extremists, violent and dangerous to the quiet life. Several important personality of the anarchist movement, Bakunin, although endowed with charisma, did not ever become popular icons such as would have happened to people like Che Guevara or Garibaldi. Censorship and criminalization against them was massive, and in many cases even came from the same social-communist formations.
Anarchism, historically, it looks like the real ideology of the people and for the people. Not necessarily advocating an armed struggle, but always revealing a new way of understanding the political and social. One way quite revolutionary, but not war. Anarchists believe very harmful to any relationship, because it destroys the freedom, growth and life itself. They did not accept the fight theorized da Marx, in quanto essa risultava come una sostituzione di un sistema di potere con un altro. Se il potere rimane nelle mani di pochi, sarà istituito uno Stato repressivo, che continuerà a saccheggiare le ricchezze pubbliche e a proteggere se stesso anche con la guerra.
Il comunismo e l’anarchismo, tuttavia, non furono antitetici. Nella misura in cui il primo rinunciava allo statalismo e alla dittatura, poteva essere del tutto conciliato col secondo. Infatti, gli anarchici ritenevano che la distribuzione equa delle ricchezze fosse un requisito fondamentale per evitare che un determinato gruppo acquisisse talmente potere da dominare sugli altri.
Il comunismo, inteso come sistema di redistribuzione equa delle ricchezze, risulta essere, agli occhi di molti anarchici, il sistema economico ideale per una società libera e capace di autodeterminarsi. Gli anarchici non erano affatto contrari alle forme di organizzazione liberamente scelte dal popolo, ciò che avversavano era lo Stato come manifestazione del potere di un gruppo di persone che si trova a possedere la maggior parte delle risorse economiche e finanziarie. Tale gruppo non ha alcun interesse a che il popolo sia libero di scegliere ciò che vuole, poiché il loro potere e la loro ricchezza non avrebbero alcuna realtà senza la sottomissione e lo sfruttamento del popolo. Quindi, il gruppo egemone è sempre un gruppo di potere, e agisce sempre a favore del proprio interesse e per preservare il potere. Il militarismo e l’esercizio force appear to anarchists as entirely negative. Errico Malatesta writes:
"Terror has always been an instrument of tyranny. In France served the grim tyranny of Robespierre and paved the way for Napoleon and the subsequent reaction. In Russia has persecuted and killed anarchists and socialists, has slaughtered peasants and workers rebels, and in short, has crushed the momentum of a revolution that could really open a new era of civilization. ... The terror rather than serving to defend the revolution is to discredit it, to make it odious to the masses and, after a period of fierce battles ... it always comes to the creation of a strong government, one which ensures that peace at the expense of freedom and the other domain without too many dangers. "(5)
During the twentieth century, socialism was a tool to generate widespread support. Even the Nazi formations used it to convince the masses to take to heart the rights of workers. Mussolini, Hitler and other dictators used the terminology and concepts typical of socialist demands. For example, "plutocracy", "power to the workers" or "revolutionary change." fascism was the most obvious example of exploitation of socialist ideas for creating a system of disguised dominated by the elite. The paradoxical logic of the defense to the bitter end of the old system, became the counter- revolutions. Mussolini was convinced to make a revolution, which he called "fascist revolution." And so did the Bolsheviks, calling a war that would have established a new tyranny, "the communist revolution."
Revolutions were also those of many African and Asian patriots who fought against colonial subjugation. Many revolutionary wars have plunged Latin America with countless military coups were massacred millions of people.
The revolutionary anti-colonial, even when they were prepared to go peacefully and civilians, found themselves in a spiral of persecution, arrest, torture and death. They were joined by many of this sort politicians of the Third World, which had the sole objective the welfare of their people, like Patrice Lumumba, Thomas Sankara, Achmed Sukarno, Aung San and Salvador Allende.
Wars counterrevolutionary wars are organized and led by the elite ruling the people to bend and weaken it politically and economically. This book explains how the counter-revolutionary wars have served to reinforce the privileges and power. The two world wars firono counterrevolutionary wars, as the most recent documentation, this book explores, are emerging.
For many years, the two world wars have been told in a misleading way, to cover up responsibility and to keep the propaganda favorable to the winners. The two world wars have been described in the rhetoric of "defending freedom" or the struggle for democratic values, but in reality they were designed years ago by companies and banks, in order to prevent changes to the social-communist ideas and anarchic and oligarchic power increase.
This book reveals many behind the scenes to get to know the true meaning that the two world wars have had and the real reasons that have caused, by bringing out facts that no textbook says.
The oligarchy who designed the two world wars, was due to conflicts, enormous advantages, profoundly changing society and acquiring a power that previously had not. Dopo le guerre, la situazione cambiò a tal punto che l'élite poteva imporre il sistema elettorale partitico, attraverso cui tenere sotto controllo tutte le formazioni politiche. Come osservava Carlo Pisacane, “Finché la società verrà composta da molti che lavorano e da pochi che dissipano, e nelle mani di questi pochi sarà il governo, il popolo deriso col nome di libero e di sovrano, i molti non saranno che i vilissimi schiavi”.(6)
Le rivoluzioni e le controrivoluzioni del XX secolo, dunque, nella loro verità, svelano una storia mai raccontata di crimini e di lucida crudeltà, per impedire ai popoli l'autodeterminazione e la libertà, e affinché pochi gruppi si dividessero le ricchezze and power. Understand in depth what they are really wars can refute the idea that they are inevitable.
NOTE 1) Tincani Persio (ed.), "Viva la revolution! How to say no to power. From Robespierre to Che Guevara", published by BUR, Milano 2006, p. 8.
2) Herbert Hart, "The concept of law", Einaudi, Torino 1965, p. 71.
3) La Marseillaise J. Rouget de l'Isle, in Tincani Persio, op. cit. p. 185.
4) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, "Criticism of the property and the State", Eleuthera, Milano 2001.
5) Errico Malatesta, "The common sense revolution", Eleuthera, Milano 1999.
6) Pisacane Carlo, "Saggio sulla rivoluzione", Einaudi, Torino 1944.
ALCUNI ARGOMENTI TRATTATI NEL LIBRO:
- Quali sono le ideologie che hanno motivato le guerre.
- Chi sono i gruppi che ricavano vantaggi dalle guerre.
- Caratteristiche storiche, economiche, finanziarie dello scorso secolo.
- Cosa sono il colonialismo e il neocolonialismo.
- Ruolo degli Istituti internazionali nel provocare le guerre.
- Significato delle “rivoluzioni” e delle “controrivoluzioni”.
- Significato delle lotte anticoloniali in Africa, Asia e Sudamerica.
- Eventi rimasti sconosciuti della Seconda guerra mondiale.
- Rivendicazioni dei popoli islamici.
- Cos’è la Nakba Araba.
- Situazione in Medio Oriente.
- Cos’è accaduto negli anni Novanta nei territori della ex Jugoslavia.
- Patologie psichiche prodotte dalla guerra.
- La situazione dei paesi trattati è aggiornata fino ai nostri giorni.
Antonella Randazzo si è laureata in Filosofia all’Università di Pavia, città nella quale ha insegnato. Si occupa da tempo di Storia Moderna e Contemporanea, Scienze dell’Educazione e Diritti Umani.
Ha vinto il Premio Ibiskos con il saggio "Se il futuro è nero. L'Africa che nessuno racconta", in cui analizza le caratteristiche più significative del colonialismo e del neocolonialismo, nel tentativo di trarre una maggiore comprensione the problems of Africa today. In 2006 he wrote the book "Rome marauders. The Italian colonialism in Africa, 1870-1943" (Kaos Edizioni), and in 2009 published a reprint volume of the "dictatorship. The Hidden History" (Espavo). He also published "The troubled Travaglio. The strange case of an informant uninformed," "Pirates & Mafia. The true story of organized crime" and "concealment Masonic (Espavo 2010).
several years is also involved in investigative journalism, with particular reference to human rights violations, and ensure publication of the magazine NEW ENERGY http://antonellarandazzo.blogspot.com/2010/01/campagna-abbonamenti-2010. html.
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