Gli articoli 33 e 34 della Costituzione italiana disciplinano direttamente scuola ed istruzione :
Articolo 33
" L'arte and science are free and they have free education.
The Republic lays down general rules on 'education and establishes state schools for all orders and degrees.
Public and private persons have the right to establish schools and educational establishments at no cost to the state.
The law, in fixing the rights and obligations of non-state schools which request parity, must ensure that these schools full freedom and their pupils an education equal to that of pupils in state schools.
It is a required examination for admission to the various types and grades of schools or their termination and for certification in the practice.
Institutions of higher learning, universities and academies, have the right to their own regulations within the limits established by the laws of the State ".
Article 34
"The school is open to all.
The lower education for at least eight years, is compulsory and free.
Capable and deserving pupils, even without financial resources, have the right to attain the highest levels of education.
The Republic gives effect to this right by scholarships, allowances to families and other provisions, which must be attributed to competition. "
The constitutional provisions is clear. is drawn meritocratic and selective a school where the right to "attain the highest levels of education" is reserved for "worthy and capable" and is made effective, for the "free media", "with scholarships, allowances to families and other provisions, which must be attributed to competition ".
way off from" stipendificio / diplomificio / laureificio " then made by the Governments of the Republic. A reform of the Italian school guided by the Constitution should aim to 'efficiency and to' excellence. Ie it must have as its first objective the quality of 'teaching and' learning and focus on it the resources available.
The school is not a social safety net with the task to recruit graduates and graduates that the labor market can not absorb. It is given the task of properly preparing young people for work and an active and responsible citizenship.
Thanks to the school the "worthy and capable", even "without means, must have access to a restored social mobility, suitable to reward merit and to make it more dynamic and efficient 's entire country.
among Italian intellectuals to commit to a radical reform of the education system stands out for consistency and clarity Professor Dario Antiseri. He looks forward to its renewal centered on the principle of subsidiarity, the "good school" and "credits' tax 'on' abolition of" legal value "of qualifications.
Antiseri considerations, in terms of clear principles ispiratori, vanno invece sviluppate e precisate da un punto di vista tecnico giuridico e quanto alla loro compatibilità con le norme costituzionali.
A proposito dei "buoni" e dei "crediti" l' obiezione più frequente fa riferimento alla disposizione "Enti e privati hanno il diritto di istituire scuole ed istituti di educazione, senza oneri per lo Stato" (art. 33 Cost.). Si tratta di un rilievo superabile se si tiene conto che, con un insegnamento di qualità almeno equivalente, all' attribuzione dei buoni ed alle minori entrate fiscali corrisponde una minor spesa per le scuole statali.
Più complessa è la questione dell' abolizione del "valore legale" dei titoli di studio. La proposta intends to respond to a serious problem. Currently, colleges and institutes are often tender when granting degrees and diplomas more easily instead of competing on quality of 'teaching.
But, first, the concept of "legal value" is difficult to give a general definition on the basis of existing legislation. From another, you have to deal with the Constitution: "It is a required examination for admission to the various types and grades of schools or their termination and the qualification to work" (Article . 33 Cost.)
From another side, although relating to the difficulties, in particular public authorities, remains in primo piano la necessità di fissare criteri e strumenti che consentano ad esse di confrontarsi in modo semplice, controllabile ed efficace con la prevedibile ulteriore proliferazione di corsi, istituti e titoli.
La proposta abolizione del "valore legale" insomma non può non essere tradotta in una riforma della certificazione pubblica della qualità dell' insegnamento e della preparazione personale. Certificazione che dovrà essere rigorosa, con effetti ben definiti e rispettosa della libertà dell' impresa e dell' insegnamento. Come sempre pare da privilegiare un approccio comparativo, che conduca ad un attento esame delle soluzioni adottate nei paesi dove libertà e qualità dell' insegnamento superiore reach a satisfactory level.
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